November 11

November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 50 days remaining until the end of the year.

World War I is commemorated on this day, commonly known as Remembrance Day. The ceasefire went into effect at 11:00am CET in 1918, the date of which (and sometimes the commemoration of) is known as Armistice Day.

Events

• 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor emeritus Diocletian confers with Galerius, Augustus of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former Augustus of the West, in an attempt to restore order to the Roman Empire.
• 1215 – The Fourth Lateran Council meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
• 1500 – Treaty of Granada – Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
• 1620 – The Mayflower Compact is signed in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod.
• 1634 – Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery.
• 1673 – Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.
• 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x).
• 1724 – Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London.
• 1750 – The F.H.C. Society, also known as the Flat Hat Club, is formed at Raleigh Tavern, . It is the first college fraternity.
• 1778 – Cherry Valley Massacre: Loyalists and Seneca Indian forces attack a fort and village in eastern New York during the American Revolutionary War, killing more than forty civilians and soldiers.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein – 8000 French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
• 1813 – War of 1812: Battle of Crysler's Farm – British and Canadian forces defeat a larger American force, causing the Americans to abandon their Saint Lawrence campaign.
• 1831 – In , Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
• 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in .
• 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea – Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
• 1865 – Treaty of Sinchula is signed by which Bhutan cedes the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
• 1869 – The Victorian Aboriginal Protection Act is enacted in Australia, giving the government control of indigenous people's wages, their terms of employment, where they could live, and of their children, effectively leading to the Stolen Generations.
• 1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.
• 1887 – Anarchist Haymarket Martyrs August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
• 1887 – Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal begins at Eastham.
• 1889 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
• 1911 – Many cities in the Midwestern United States break their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through.
• 1918 – World War I: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside Compiègne in France. The war officially ends at 11:00 (The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month) and this is annually honoured with a two-minute silence.
• 1918 – Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. Poland regains its independence, celebrated each year on this day.
• 1918 – Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.
• 1919 – The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.
• 1919 – Lāčplēša day – Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence.
• 1921 – The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1924 – Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the first recognized Greek Republic.
• 1926 – U.S. Route 66 is established.
• 1930 – Patent number US1781541 is awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
• 1934 – The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia is opened.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Taranto – The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
• 1940 – The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
• 1940 – Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in the U.S. Midwest.
• 1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany completes its occupation of France.
• 1944 – Dr. jur. Erich Göstl, a member of the Waffen SS, was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery, after losing his face and eyes during the Battle of Normandy.
• 1960 – A military coup against President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam is crushed.
• 1962 – Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.
• 1965 – In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.
• 1966 – NASA launches Gemini 12.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
• 1968 – A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
• 1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
• 1975 – Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam, appoints Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister and announces a general election to be held in early December.
• 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda joins the United Nations.
• 1992 – The General Synod of the Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
• 1999 – The House of Lords Act is given Royal Assent, restricting membership of the British House of Lords by virtue of a hereditary peerage.
• 2000 – In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
• 2001 – Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton and Volker Handloik are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on the convoy they are traveling in.
• 2004 – New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington.
• 2004 – The Palestine Liberation Organization confirms the death of Yasser Arafat from unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.
• 2006 – Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army.
• 2008 – The RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) sets sail on her final voyage to Dubai.

Births

• 995 – Gisela of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire Empress (d. 1041)
• 1050 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)
• 1154 – King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)
• 1155 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
• 1220 – Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (d. 1271)
• 1493 – Paracelsus, doctor (d. 1541)
• 1493 – Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)
• 1569 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and alchemist (d. 1611)
• 1599 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)
• 1599 – Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1655)
• 1633 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, British statesman (d. 1695)
• 1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)
• 1743 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)
• 1744 – Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
• 1748 – King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
• 1791 – Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1855)
• 1792 – Mary Anne Evans, English wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)
• 1821 – Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (d. 1881)
• 1836 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907)
• 1852 – Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925)
• 1857 – Janet Erskine Stuart, Sacred Heart educator (d. 1914)
• 1858 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884)
• 1863 – Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)
• 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1921)
• 1869 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian-American anarchist (d. 1901)
• 1869 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947)
• 1872 – David I. Walsh, 46^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947)
• 1882 – King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
• 1883 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
• 1885 – George Smith Patton, Jr., American general (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Roland Young, American actor (d. 1953)
• 1888 – Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence movement leader (d. 1958)
• 1891 – Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954)
• 1898 – Rene Clair, French film director (d. 1981)
• 1899 – Pat O'Brien, American film actor (d. 1983)
• 1900 – Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
• 1901 – F. Van Wyck Mason, American author (d. 1978)
• 1901 – Magda Goebbels, wife of Nazi minister of propaganda, Joseph Goebbels (d. 1945)
• 1901 – Sam Spiegel, Austrian-born American film producer (d. 1985)
• 1904 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1996)
• 1904 – J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)
• 1909 – Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)
• 1911 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002)
• 1912 – Thomas C. Mann, American diplomat (d. 1999)
• 1914 – Howard Fast, American author (d. 2003)
• 1914 – James G. Baker, American astonomer and optician (d. 2005)
• 1914 – Henry Wade, American lawyer (d. 2001)
• 1915 – William Proxmire, American politician (d. 2005)
• 1916 – Robert Carr, British conservative politician
• 1918 – Stubby Kaye, American comic actor (d. 1997)
• 1919 – Kalle Päätalo, Finnish novelist (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)
• 1921 – Terrel Bell, American politician (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007)
• 1925 – June Whitfield, British comedian
• 1925 – Jonathan Winters, American comedian and actor
• 1926 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
• 1927 – Mose Allison, American jazz pianist and singer
• 1928 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer
• 1928 – Gracita Morales, Spanish actress (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer
• 1929 – LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)
• 1930 – Hank Garland, American guitar virtuoso (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (d. 1982)
• 1930 – Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist and former-anchorman
• 1934 – Jim Perry, Canadian-American television personality.
• 1936 – Jack Keller, American songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1936 – Mala Sinha, Bollywood film actress
• 1937 – Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
• 1938 – Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater
• 1938 – Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast
• 1939 – Denise Alexander, American actress
• 1940 – Barbara Boxer, American politician
• 1941 – Jesse Colin Young, American singer and songwriter (The Youngbloods)
• 1943 – Doug Frost, Australian swimming coach
• 1944 – Kemal Sunal,Turkish actor
• 1945 – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
• 1945 – Vince Martell, American guitarist (Vanilla Fudge)
• 1946 – Chris Dreja, British musician (The Yardbirds)
• 1946 – Al Holbert, American racing driver and team owner (d. 1988)
• 1950 – Mircea Dinescu, Romanian poet
• 1950 – Jim Peterik, American musician and songwriter (Survivor)
• 1950 – Ed Ordynski, Australian rally driver
• 1951 – Kim Peek, American megasavant (d. 2009)
• 1951 – Marc Summers, American game show host
• 1953 – Marshall Crenshaw, American musician
• 1953 – Andy Partridge, English musician (XTC)
• 1953 – Kostas Skandalidis, Greek politician
• 1954 – Mary Gaitskill, American novelist
• 1955 – Dave Alvin, American songwriter and guitarist
• 1958 – Luz Casal, Spanish singer
• 1958 – Carlos Lacamara, Cuban-born American Actor
• 1959 – Lee Haney, American bodybuilder
• 1960 – Chuck Hernandez, American baseball coach
• 1960 – Peter Parros, American actor
• 1960 – Stanley Tucci, American actor and director
• 1960 – Lawrence Bayne, Canadian actor
• 1961 – Jan Kuehnemund, American guitarist
• 1962 – Mic Michaeli, Swedish keyboardist
• 1962 – Demi Moore, American actress
• 1962 – James Morrison, Australian musician
• 1964 – Anabel Alonso, Spanish actress
• 1964 – Calista Flockhart, American actress
• 1965 – Max Mutchnick, American TV writer and producer
• 1966 – Alison Doody, Irish actress
• 1967 – Gil de Ferran, Brazilian racing driver
• 1968 – David L. Cook, American singer and comedian
• 1969 – Carson Kressley, American television personality
• 1969 – Kristen Wilson, American actress
• 1970 – Lee Battersby, Australian author
• 1971 – Jennifer Celotta, American TV producer and writer
• 1971 – Paul Chaloner, English TV e-sports commentator
• 1971 – David DeLuise, American actor
• 1972 – Adam Beach, Canadian actor
• 1972 – Tyler Christopher, American actor
• 1973 – Jason White, American musician (Green Day)
• 1973 – Melissa Stark, American sportscaster/journalist
• 1974 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor
• 1974 – Static Major, American singer (d. 2008)
• 1974 – Wajahatullah Wasti, Pakistani cricketer
• 1975 – Angelica Vale Mexican actress
• 1976 – Lisa Gleave, Australian-American actress and model
• 1976 – Jason Grilli, American baseball player
• 1976 – Jesse F. Keeler, Canadian musician
• 1977 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
• 1977 – Maniche, Portuguese footballer
• 1978 – Lou Vincent, New Zealand cricketer
• 1980 – Willie Parker, American football player
• 1980 – Edmoore Takaendesa, Zimbabwean-born German rugby player
• 1981 – Natalie Glebova, Russian/Canadian beauty pageant contestant
• 1981 – Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
• 1982 – Gonzalo Canale, Argentine-born Italian rugby player
• 1982 – Jeremy Williams, British Actor
• 1983 – Brittny Gastineau, American socialite
• 1983 – Matt Garza, American baseball player
• 1983 – Philipp Lahm, German footballer
• 1985 – Austin Collie, American football player
• 1985 – Kalan Porter, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Jessica Sierra, American singer
• 1985 – Robin Uthappa, Indian cricketer
• 1986 – Mark Sanchez, American football player
• 1986 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player
• 1987 – Yuya Tegoshi, Japanese singer (NEWS, Tegomass)
• 1989 – Reina Tanaka, Japanese pop singer (Morning Musume)
• 1991 – Christa B. Allen, American actress
• 1992 – Trey Smith, American actor
• 1994 – Connor Price, Canadian actor

Deaths

• 405 – Arsacius, intruding archbishop of Constantinople
• 537 – Pope Silverius, saint
• 826 – Theodore the Studite, saint (b. 759)
• 865 – Petronas the Patrician, Byzantine General
• 1623 – Philippe de Mornay, French writer (b. 1549)
• 1638 – Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562)
• 1675 – Guru Teg Bahadur Ji, 9th sikh guru (b. 1621)
• 1686 – Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (b. 1621)
• 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor, and politician (b. 1602)
• 1724 – Joseph Blake (alias Blueskin), English highwayman (executed) (b. c.1700)
• 1812 – Platon Levshin, Metropoitan of Moscow (b. 1737)
• 1831 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (hanged) (b. 1800)
• 1855 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)
• 1862 – James Madison Porter, American politician (b. 1793)
• 1880 – Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (hanged) (b. c.1855)
• 1880 – Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)
• 1884 – Alfred Brehm German zoologist (b. 1827)
• 1887 – Haymarket defendants:
  • – George Engel (b. 1836)
  • – Adolph Fischer (b. 1858)
  • – Albert Parsons (b. 1848)
  • – August Spies (b. 1855)
• 1917 – Liliuokalani of Hawaii, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)
• 1918 – George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier, last person to be killed in W.W.I. (b. 1892)
• 1919 – Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter (b. 1832)
• 1931 – Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1840)
• 1938 – Typhoid Mary, carrier of the typhoid disease (b. 1869)
• 1939 – Jan Opletal, Czech student, victim of Nazi violence in Prague (b. 1915)
• 1945 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
• 1950 – Alexandros Diomidis, governor of the Bank of Greece and Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1875)
• 1953 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866)

• 1972 – Berry Oakley, Bass Player and founder, Allman Brothers Band (b. 1948)
• 1973 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
• 1974 – Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (b. 1894)
• 1976 – Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)
• 1977 – Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (b. 1903)
• 1977 – Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist & political activist (b. 1950)
• 1979 – Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (b. 1894)
• 1984 – Martin Luther King, Sr., American civil rights leader (b. 1899)

• 1988 – William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor & organist (b. 1900)
• 1990 – Alexis Minotis, Greek actor (b. 1898)
• 1990 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet, proposed nine times for the Nobel Prize for Literature, winner of the Lenin Peace Prize (b. 1909)
• 1990 – Attilio Demaría, Argentinian footballer (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Erskine Hawkins, American trumpet player and big band leader (b. 1914)
• 1994 – John A. Volpe, 61^st and 63^rd Governor of Massachusetts, 2^nd United States Secretary of Transportation (b. 1908)
• 1994 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban-American AIDS activist (b. 1972)
• 1994 – Tadeusz Żychiewicz, Polish journalist, art historian and publicist (b. 1922)
• 1997 – Rodney Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
• 1998 – Frank Brimsek, American ice hockey player (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961)
• 1999 – Jacobo Timmerman, Argentine writer and journalist (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Miquel Martí i Pol, Catalan poet (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948)
• 2005 – Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939)
• 2005 – Peter Drucker, American management theorist (b. 1909)
• 2005 – Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American film producer and director (b. 1930)
• 2005 – Keith Andes, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2006 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (b. 1974)
• 2006 – Harry Lehotsky, pastor and activist (b. 1957)
• 2007 – Delbert Mann, American film director (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Herb Score, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 2009 – Dhanpat Rai Nahar, Indian labour leader (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Bartholomew of Grottaferrata (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Martin of Tours (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Menas
  • Søren Kierkegaard (Lutheran Church)
  • Theodore the Studite
• End of World War I related observances:
  • Armistice Day (New Zealand, France and Belgium)
  • Independence Day, commemorates the anniversary of Poland's assumption of independent statehood in 1918 (Poland)
  • Remembrance Day (United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations, including Australia and Canada)
  • Veterans Day, called Armistice Day until 1954, when the holiday was re-geared to be for all American military veterans. (United States)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Angola from Portugal in 1975.
• Lāčplēsis Day (Latvia)
• Opening of carnival ("Karneval"/"Fasching"), on 11-11, at 11:11. (Germany, the Netherlands, and other countries)
• Pocky Day and Pretz Day (Japan)
• Pepero Day (South Korea)
• Republic Day in 1968 (Maldives)
• Singles Day (China)
• St. Martin's Day
• Women's Day in 1972 (Belgium)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada